Okay, imagine you're at a really fun place with lots of cool things to do and learn about. There are people there who can teach you all sorts of things and share exciting stories with you. This place is called a "Chautauqua."
Now, a Chautauqua girl is simply a girl who lives in or near one of these Chautauquas. She has the opportunity to learn and experience new things from the knowledgeable people who visit this special place.
Think of it like going to a really awesome school, but instead of being there all the time, you get to go just for a short period and have a lot of fun while you're there!
So, that's what a Chautauqua girl means - she is someone who gets to enjoy and learn from a special place that is full of knowledge and excitement.