ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Classifying topos

Okay kiddo, imagine you have a bunch of toys - some are blocks, some are balls, some are stuffed animals, and so on. You can put all the blocks in one pile, all the balls in another pile, and so on. You've just classified your toys based on their type.

In math, we can also classify things based on certain properties. A topos is a kind of math thing that's like a universe of sets and functions (kinda like your toy collection). Just like how you sorted your toys into piles, mathematicians can sort toposes into different groups based on certain properties they have. This is called classifying.

Now, classifying toposes is a bit tricky and involves some complicated math that even grown-ups struggle with. But essentially, mathematicians use a special kind of diagram (called a "Grothendieck topology") to help them sort toposes into different categories.

By classifying toposes, mathematicians can better understand the properties of these universes and use them to solve more complex math problems. Just like how you can find your favorite toy easier when it's in its own pile, mathematicians can make math easier by classifying toposes into specific groups based on certain properties they have.