Co-adaptation is when two things or organisms have evolved to work together really well. It's like two best friends who are always looking out for each other and helping each other out.
For example, flowers and bees have co-adapted. Bees need to collect nectar and pollen from flowers to make honey, while flowers need bees to help them pollinate and reproduce. So, over a really long time, flowers have evolved to have bright colors and sweet smells that attract bees, and even shapes that fit perfectly with the bee's body. In turn, bees have evolved to have special hairs on their bodies that collect pollen from flowers and help to spread it around.
Co-adaptation can happen between lots of different things, not just living things. For example, some plants and fungi have a co-adaptive relationship where the plant sends out some of its own nutrients to the fungus, and the fungus helps the plant absorb water and nutrients from the soil. This way, both the plant and the fungus can grow and thrive.
So basically, co-adaptation is when two things have become really good friends because they help each other out and have evolved to work together really well.