Okay kiddo, imagine you have two pipes and you want to connect them together so water can flow through them. But you can't just stick them together because water would leak out! That's where a compression fitting comes in.
A compression fitting is like a special nut that goes over the end of one pipe and screws onto another pipe. But before you screw it on, you put a little ring called a "compression sleeve" over the first pipe. Then, you push the first pipe into the second pipe until they are snugly connected. Finally, you tighten the nut on top of the compression sleeve, which squeezes it tight around the first pipe, and creates a leak-proof connection.
Think of it like putting on a bracelet that's too big for your wrist. You put some beads on it to take up the extra space, and then you tighten the clasp so it stays on your wrist. With a compression fitting, you put the compression sleeve on the end of the pipe to take up any extra space, and then you tighten the nut so it stays on the other pipe.
And that's how a compression fitting works! It's a simple way to connect two pipes together and make sure no water leaks out.