Imagine a very big and long timeline that shows the history of the universe from the very beginning to the present day. This timeline is so big that it needs to be divided into smaller sections, just like a very long ruler needs to be marked in different numbers to show different lengths.
A cosmological decade refers to one of these smaller sections, which is used to measure and compare different times in the history of the universe. Each decade is 10 times larger than the previous one, just like the numbers 1, 10, 100, 1000, and so on.
For instance, if we say that a certain event happened during the first decade after the Big Bang, we mean that it occurred within the first 10% of the total time elapsed since the beginning of the universe. If we say that another event happened during the seventh decade, we mean that it occurred within the 70th to the 80th percent of the total time elapsed.
Cosmologists use these decades to talk about the age of the universe, the formation of galaxies and stars, the evolution of matter and energy, and many other topics related to the history of our cosmos. It might sound complicated, but don't worry, it's just a way to make sense of something really big and amazing!