ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

D'Alembert's formula

Okay kid, have you ever played a game where you toss a coin and try to guess whether it's going to land on heads or tails? It's a fun game, but sometimes it's hard to guess right every time.

Well, Mr. D'Alembert was a smart guy who figured out a formula that can help you guess better in the long run. His formula says that if you keep betting on the same outcome (like always guessing "heads"), your chances of getting it right will go up if you keep betting even if you lose sometimes.

Let me explain it more simply. Say you're playing the coin game, and you bet on heads. If you lose, instead of giving up or switching to tails, you keep betting on heads but add one more coin to your bet each time. So the second time, you bet with two coins, then three, then four, and so on.

What Mr. D'Alembert found out is that even though you might lose a few times in a row, as you keep increasing your bet, your chances of winning eventually become higher than losing. This is because when you eventually win, you will have gathered all of your previous losses back, plus an additional coin.

So there you have it, kiddo! D'Alembert's formula is a fancy math way of saying that if you keep betting on the same thing and increase your bet each time even if you lose, you have a better chance of winning in the long run.