Do you remember playing with building blocks? Imagine you have a big block and you want to make a smaller block out of it. So you take a knife and cut the big block into smaller pieces. That's kind of what a "derived row" is.
In math, we have something called a "matrix" which is like a big rectangle made up of smaller rectangles called "cells". This matrix can be very big with lots of cells in it. A "derived row" is like taking a row from this big matrix and cutting it into smaller pieces to make a new, smaller row.
But instead of using a knife, we use something called "elementary row operations". These operations are like special moves we can do to the rows of the matrix. We can add one row to another row, or multiply a row by a number, or switch the places of two rows. When we do these moves, we can make a new row that is made up of some of the cells from the original row.
So a "derived row" is just a new row that we make by doing some special moves to one of the rows in a matrix. It's kind of like making a smaller block out of a bigger block by cutting it up with a special knife.