Dose fractionation is a way of giving medicine to someone over time instead of all at once. It's like instead of eating all of your candy in one go, you eat one piece of candy at a time.
When doctors give radiation or chemotherapy to treat cancer, they use dose fractionation to make sure the medicine is effective and safe. Giving too much medicine at once can make a person very sick or even hurt their body.
So, doctors split the amount of medicine needed into smaller amounts and give it over a period of time. This allows the body to fight the cancer while also being able to handle the medicine.
Just like how you have to wait some time between each piece of candy to avoid making yourself sick, dose fractionation helps the body handle the medicine and the cancer treatment.