Alright kiddo, imagine you have a ball, like a big beach ball. But this ball is special because it has a pattern on it, like a bunch of dots or lines. Now imagine that you also have a flashlight that you can shine on the ball, but this flashlight is also special because it can show you the pattern on the ball, kind of like shining a light on a wall to make a shadow.
Now let's say you want to figure out what the pattern on the ball looks like from all angles. How can you do that? Well, you could take pictures of the ball from lots of different angles, but that would take a really long time and you might miss some angles.
That's where the double Fourier sphere method comes in. It's a fancy way of using some math to figure out what the pattern on the ball looks like from all angles without actually having to take pictures from all those angles.
Here's how it works: first, we imagine that the ball is surrounded by two other imaginary spheres that are both bigger than the ball. We call these the Fourier spheres. We use these spheres to help us do the math.
Next, we shine our special flashlight on the ball and take a picture of the pattern that the light makes on each of the Fourier spheres. This gives us two sets of patterns. We then use some math to combine these two sets of patterns in a special way that tells us what the pattern on the ball looks like from all angles.
It's kind of like we're shining the light on the ball from all directions at once, but instead of actually doing that, we use math to figure out what it would look like. Pretty cool, huh?