ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Dual-polarisation interferometry

Dual-polarisation interferometry is like playing with two different types of blocks and seeing how they fit together. Imagine you have a square block and a triangle block, and you want to see how they connect to each other.

In dual-polarisation interferometry, we're not playing with blocks, we're looking at molecules. Molecules are tiny things that make up everything around us, like water, plants, and even you! When we want to learn more about a molecule, we shine a special kind of light on it that we called "polarised light".

Polarised light is like a special light that vibrates in only one direction, like a toy car that can only go forward. Sometimes when we shine this light on a molecule, it bounces off in a special way that tells us more about the molecule's shape and size. It's like if we threw our square and triangle blocks at each other and watched how they bounced off each other.

But dual-polarisation interferometry is even cooler because we use two different kinds of polarised light. One kind of light vibrates up and down, and the other kind vibrates side to side. We shine these two lights at the molecule at the same time and see how they both bounce off. It's like if we threw our square and triangle blocks at each other from different directions and saw how they fit together in different ways.

By looking at how the two different kinds of polarised light interact with the molecule, we can learn a lot about its shape, size, and even how it's moving. This information is really important for scientists who are trying to understand how different molecules work and interact with each other in our bodies and in the world around us.