Ecological modernization is when countries, communities, and businesses use new methods and technology to help protect the environment. It's all about reducing our impact on the planet, like cutting down on pollution or reducing how much energy we use. For example, instead of using cars, you could walk or ride a bike to get to places. Ecological modernization can also mean using renewable energy sources like solar or wind power instead of burning fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal, which produce pollution.