Economies of density means that when more people or businesses are in a small area, they can save money or make more money. When more people or businesses are in a small area, they can share things like stores, roads, utilities, and parks. All of these things can be used by more people and businesses, so they don't need to build new stores, roads, etc. That saves them money, and they can pass those savings on to people like you and me. It also means that businesses can serve more customers in a small area, so they can make more money. That's what economies of density is all about.