An engine control unit (ECU) is like the brain of a car. It's a computer that controls how the car runs. It's connected to a bunch of sensors connected to the engine and keeps an eye on how things are running. If something isn't running right, the ECU can adjust the engine to make it run better. It does this by changing things like the car's fuel and air mixture, spark plugs, or valve timing. It also monitors the speed and temperature of the engine, and can tell the driver when something is wrong.