Exclusive rights mean that only one person or group of people are allowed to use or have something. It's like having a toy that only you are allowed to play with and no one else can touch it without your permission.
For example, if you write a book, you have exclusive rights to decide who can publish it, translate it, or make a movie adaptation out of it. No one else can do those things without your permission, and they have to pay you money if they want to use your work in those ways.
These exclusive rights are protected by laws, so if someone else tries to use your work without permission, they can get in trouble. It's like having rules to make sure everyone plays fair and respects each other's things.