ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Formal distinction

When we talk about a "formal distinction," we mean that two different things may have some things in common, but they are actually distinct from each other in a very specific and formal way.

Let's imagine we have two toy cars, one that is blue with white stripes, and one that is red with black dots. These cars are different in terms of their colors and patterns, but they are both toy cars, right? They share some similarities because they are both cars, but they are also distinct from each other in terms of their colors and patterns.

Similarly, when we talk about formal distinction, we mean that two things—let's say two ideas or concepts—may share some similarities, but they are actually distinct from each other in a very specific and important way. This distinction is not just a matter of opinion or preference; it is a formal, logical difference that helps us understand things more clearly.

For example, let's say we are talking about the concepts of "justice" and "mercy." Both of these ideas are related to fairness and doing what is right, but they are distinct from each other in an important way. Justice is about following rules and giving people what they deserve, while mercy is about showing compassion and forgiveness, even when someone may not deserve it. These ideas might seem similar at first, but when we think about them more carefully, we can see that they are actually distinct from each other in a formal way.

Formal distinction helps us to think more clearly about complex ideas and concepts, and it allows us to make finer and more precise distinctions between different things. So, the next time you hear someone talking about a "formal distinction," you can think of it like comparing two different toy cars—they might have some similarities, but they are also distinct from each other in a specific and important way.