ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Gain stage

When we hear sounds, they start off quiet and get louder as they travel to our ears. When we use devices like microphones or speakers, we want to control how loud the sound gets. That's where gain stages come in.

A gain stage is like a little helper that makes sounds louder or quieter. Imagine you're trying to hear your friend's whisper from far away. You might cup your hand around your ear to make the sound louder - that's a gain stage! In electronics, gain stages use special parts called transistors or tubes to make sounds louder or quieter.

When we record music, we use gain stages to help us capture the different levels of sound. You might use one gain stage to make a quiet guitar louder, and another to make a loud drum quieter. This lets us make a balanced recording that sounds good to our ears.

Similarly, when we play music through speakers, we use gain stages to control how loud the sound gets. Too much gain and the music will sound distorted and harsh; too little gain and it will be hard to hear.

So basically, a gain stage is a little helper that makes sounds louder or quieter, and we use them to control the volume and balance of music.