Imagine a horseshoe made of gold. A horseshoe is a metal thing that is put on the bottom of a horse's foot to protect it. But a golden horseshoe is not used for horses, it is special because it is made of gold, which is a very shiny and valuable metal.
The phrase "golden horseshoe" is also used to talk about a part of the world. In the past, people used to search for gold in different parts of the world. One of these places was North America, in what is now the eastern part of the United States. The area where people searched for gold was called the "golden horseshoe" because it was shaped like a horseshoe and people thought it was full of gold.
Nowadays, the term "golden horseshoe" is mostly used to talk about a special award given to students in West Virginia (a place in the United States) who learn a lot about their state's history and culture. This award is called the "Golden Horseshoe" because it is shaped like a horseshoe and made of gold-colored metal. It is given to students who study hard and know a lot about their state's past and present.