Goodput is like counting how many candies you actually get to eat after your friend gives you a bag of candies. Let's say your friend gives you 10 candies in a bag, but some of them are yucky and you throw them away. Then you only get to eat, say, 7 candies. In this example, your goodput is 7, because that's how many "good" candies you end up with.
For computers and the internet, goodput is kind of the same thing. When you download or upload something from the internet, not all of the data might make it to your computer, or might not be what you want or need. So the amount of "good" data that actually makes it to your computer is called the goodput. It's like counting how much data you actually get, even though more data or junk data might have been sent.
Goodput can be affected by different things, like how fast your internet connection is, or how busy the servers are that you're downloading from. If the connection is slow, it might take longer for the good data to come through. So goodput is a way to measure how well the internet is working for you, and if you're actually able to get the things you want from it.