Goryō is a word from Japan that refers to spirits or ghosts. Imagine that you only have your body, but when you die your spirit still lives on. Sometimes these spirits can be happy and friendly, but other times they can be very angry or sad. When they're angry or sad, they're called goryō. It's like when you're really upset and can't stop crying or getting mad.
People in Japan used to believe that goryō could haunt or scare the living, especially if they were angry or seeking revenge. Imagine a really scary movie where the ghost keeps showing up to scare people. But over time, people started to think that maybe they could help the goryō instead of being scared of them. They thought that if they did nice things for the goryō, like giving them offerings, then maybe they wouldn't be so angry and would go away.
Today, some people still believe in goryō and might still do these kinds of offerings to try to make them happy. But for most people, they're just a spooky part of Japanese folklore.