ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis is like a command center in our body that helps us to grow and function properly. Think of it like a traffic signal with different lights for different purposes.

The hypothalamus, which is a small part of our brain, acts as the first traffic signal. It produces Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) that signals the next traffic signal.

The Pituitary gland, which is like the next traffic signal, releases Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) when it receives the signal from the hypothalamus.

The Thyroid Gland, which is like the final traffic signal, receives the TSH signal from the pituitary gland, and produces Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) thyroid hormones that help our body to grow, develop and function.

When we don't have enough of these hormones, it is like all the traffic signals aren't working properly. This can cause many problems like growth troubles, fatigue, mental health issues or even weight gain.

The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis acts as a system to continuously regulate thyroid hormone production and maintain our body's balance. It is a complex system that works together seamlessly to keep us strong, healthy, and happy.