Imperial Italy was when Italy wanted to be a really big and powerful country like they were a long time ago. They had a leader named Benito Mussolini who was kind of like their king. But, he believed in a really scary system called fascism. This meant that he believed in having complete control over everything in Italy, including what people said and did. People weren't allowed to speak out against the government and Mussolini controlled everything.
Fascism also meant that Mussolini believed that Italy was better than other countries and that they deserved to take over other places in the world to make themselves even bigger and more powerful. So, Italy started taking over other countries and acting like they were in charge. They wanted to have lots of colonies and control people in other places.
The problem with this is that it made a lot of people really unhappy and led to a big war called World War II. Italy lost the war and Mussolini was taken out of power. Today, people know that fascism is a really dangerous idea and that it's important for people to be able to speak their mind and have freedom without fear of being controlled by a leader or government.