ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Insensitivity to sample size

Okay kiddo, have you ever played with Legos before? When you have a lot of Legos, you can build really big things like a castle or a spaceship. But when you only have a few Legos, you can only build something small like a tower or a car. This is kind of like what we call “sample size”.

In science, we often use “samples” to study things like how tall people are or if a medicine works. A sample is just a group of people or things that we study to try and learn something about a larger group of people or things.

Now, when we do a study using a small sample (like just a few Legos), we might not get a very accurate idea of what the whole group is really like. It’s kind of like trying to build a big spaceship with only a few Legos – you’re going to miss a lot of important parts!

This is called “insensitivity to sample size”. It means that if we use a small sample, we might miss important things or get the wrong idea about what we’re studying. It’s like not having enough pieces to make a complete picture.

So scientists try their best to use big samples (like a lot of Legos) so that they can get a better idea of what’s really going on. They want to make sure they have enough pieces to make a complete picture so they can learn something accurate and helpful.