ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Integration using Euler's formula

Hey kiddo, do you remember learning about graphs? Well, in math we use graphs to see how things change over time. Integration is a way of finding out what the shape of that graph looks like!

Now, Euler's formula is a special equation that can help us do this even when the shape of the graph is pretty complicated. It goes like this: e^(ix) = cos(x) + i*sin(x). Don't worry too much about what those letters mean for now, just remember that the equation can help us work with graphs that have curves in them.

So let's say we have a graph that we want to figure out the shape of, but it's really tricky. We can use Euler's formula to break it down into smaller pieces that we can understand. We'll take the formula and plug it into the graph to help us simplify it.

For example, let's say we have a graph of a circle. It's a really round shape that's hard to work with. We can use Euler's formula to break it down into two parts: the cosine (cos) and sine (sin) parts. These parts are easier to understand because they're just going up and down or side to side.

Then, we can add up all of these pieces that we broke the graph down into using a fancy equation. This lets us find out what the whole graph looks like, and we can use this to answer questions about it.

So even if the graph is really tricky and curvy, we can use Euler's formula to break it down into pieces we can understand and then put it back together to solve the problem. It's like taking apart a toy to see how it works and then putting it back together again!