Jewish and Israeli holidays are special days that in the Jewish and Israeli religions are set aside to remember certain events in the history of the two religions or to celebrate certain days of the year. Jewish holidays are celebrated with special prayers, ceremonies, and family gatherings at appointed times, while Israeli holidays celebrate the important events in Israel’s history, such as becoming a country in 1948. Some Jewish holidays, like Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah, are celebrated at similar times each year, while other Israeli holidays are more fluid, like Holocaust Memorial Day, which was established to remember the atrocities of the Holocaust and is held on different dates from year to year. The period from 2000 to 2050 includes many holidays, some that have been celebrated for centuries, and some that have been recently established. Some of the major Jewish holidays during this time period include Rosh Hashanah, a celebration of the Jewish New Year, Yom Kippur, a day of repentance and asking for forgiveness, Passover, which commemorates the freeing of the Jewish people from slavery in Egypt, and Sukkot, a harvest festival. Israeli holidays during this time include Yom HaAtzma’ut, the day Israel officially declared itself a country, Yom Hazikaron, a day of mourning to remember those who gave their lives in the defense of the country, and Tisha b’Av, a day of mourning that remembers the destruction of the two Jewish Temples.