Jewish emancipation means that Jewish people were given more freedoms and rights in society.
Before this happened, many countries had laws that made it very difficult for Jewish people to practice their religion or participate in society. They might not be allowed to own property or hold certain jobs, and they might face discrimination and even violence from other people.
Emancipation meant that all of these rules were changed. Jewish people were now allowed to practice their religion freely, and they could hold any job they were qualified for. They had the same rights as everyone else.
This didn't happen all at once, though. It took many years and a lot of hard work by Jewish people and their allies to convince governments to change their laws. It was a big step forward for equality and freedom in many countries, and it made life much better for Jewish people.