ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Kaplansky's conjecture

So, imagine you have a bunch of toy blocks that you can stick together to make bigger things. You can make towers, houses, or even castles by combining different blocks in different ways.

Now, imagine you have some really special blocks that only fit together in certain ways. These special blocks are like the prime numbers of the block world, and just like how you can only make certain numbers by multiplying prime numbers together, you can only make certain shapes with these special blocks by sticking them together in specific ways.

Kaplansky's conjecture is a big question about these special blocks. It asks: can you take any big shape you made with the special blocks, and break it down into a bunch of smaller shapes, each made out of fewer of these special blocks? And can you keep doing this over and over, until you end up with just one block left?

It's kind of like taking apart a tower you built out of blocks, and then taking apart the smaller towers you used to make the big tower, until you end up with just one block.

Scientists have been trying to figure out if this is true for a long time, but no one has found a way to prove it. It's still just a really big question that we don't have an answer to yet.