Okay, so imagine you have a bunch of toys and you want to see which toy is the best. But you can't just play with them all at once, because it would be too hard to compare them. So you decide to pick one toy and play with it for a while, then pick another one and play with it, and so on until you've tried them all.
Now imagine that instead of toys, you have computers. And instead of just trying them out for fun, you're trying to see which one is the best for doing a special kind of job called running a program.
That's what people do when they make a "testbed" for computer hardware. They take a bunch of computers and try out different programs on them to see how well they work.
In this case, the people who made the Kentucky Linux Athlon Testbed (KLAT) wanted to see how different kinds of computer processors worked with a type of computer program called Linux. They picked a special kind of processor called an "Athlon" and made a whole bunch of computers with that processor in them. Then they installed Linux on all of them and started trying out different programs to see which ones worked the best on the Athlon processor.
It's kind of like a big science experiment, where the people who made the testbed are like scientists who are trying to learn more about how computers work. They use the testbed to gather information that they can use to make better computers in the future.