Language proficiency is how well someone is able to understand, speak, read, and write in a language. It is sort of like a scale from 1-10. Someone who is a 1 might know only a few words in the language while someone who is a 10 is an expert in that language, able to have conversations, read complex books, and write complicated essays in that language. If you want to learn a language, practice speaking it as much as you can and record yourself to compare your progress.