A latimer diagram is like a picture book that shows a superhero called a metal ion that changes clothes (or oxidation states) as it goes on adventures. Think of the metal ion as a special kind of ball that has different colors (or oxidation states) depending on how many special stickers (or electrons) it has. The more stickers it has, the more colorful it gets!
Now, this picture book or latimer diagram, shows the different clothes (or oxidation states) that the metal ion wears as it goes through exciting adventures. Each page of the picture book or latimer diagram shows the different clothes that the metal ion can wear at a certain pH level. The pH level is like the environment where the metal ion lives, and it can affect what clothes (or oxidation states) the metal ion is wearing.
The latimer diagram allows us to see which clothes (or oxidation states) the metal ion can wear at different pH levels, which helps scientists understand more about the metal ion and its properties. It's like learning about the different outfits that your superhero favorite wears depending on where they go, and what they do!