Little Black Sambo is a book that was published in 1899. It is about a little boy named Sambo who lives in India. He outsmarts some tigers who are trying to eat him. Sambo gets the tigers to chase each other in circles until they turn into butter. Sambo goes home carrying the butter, which his mother makes into pancakes.
The reason this book is sometimes seen as controversial is because many people think it is racist. Some characters in the book are drawn in a way that might make people uncomfortable or that might make fun of Indian people.
In the past, people would sometimes use offensive language when talking about the book, or even something similar to the figures in the book. In today's world, the book has not been seen in the same way. It is now sometimes seen as a book that celebrates the intelligence of children, no matter their background.