Nationalism in the Middle Ages refers to people in a certain area thinking of themselves as a part of a larger group, with a shared identity and common interests. This was often related to the country they lived in, where they spoke a certain language and shared a religion or culture. People connected to a particular country often felt loyalty to the rulers of that country, worked together to protect their homeland, and celebrated their heritage. Nationalism grew more important and popular during the Middle Ages, and it still plays an important role in how governments and countries interact with each other today.