ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Normal ordering

Okay kiddo, imagine you have a bunch of toys lying around in your room. Some toys are big and some are small, some are new and others are old. You want to put them away in a toy box, but you don't want them to be all jumbled up together. You want to organize them in a certain way so you can find them easily next time you want to play with them.

In the same way, scientists have a lot of mathematical formulas and equations they use to understand the world around us. Sometimes these equations have a lot of variables and terms, and they need to be organized in a specific way so that they are easier to work with. This process is called "normal ordering".

When scientists "normal order" an equation, they rearrange the terms so that the creation and annihilation operators are put together in a specific way. These operators are related to the idea of particles being created and destroyed. Think of them like adding or taking away toys from your toy box. Normal ordering helps scientists determine what particles are involved in a particular interaction or process.

So, imagine your toys are the particles in the equation and the toy box is the normal ordered equation! By putting the toys away in a certain order, you can find them more easily when you want to play with them. In the same way, normal ordering helps scientists understand the particles involved in a particular process or interaction by organizing the equation in a specific way.