Paleopathology is a big word that means studying very old dead things (like bones) to figure out what kind of diseases or injuries they may have had when they were alive.
Let's say you find a really old skeleton of a dinosaur or a caveman. By looking at the bones closely and using special tests, paleopathologists can figure out if the animal or person had things like broken bones, infections, or even diseases like cancer or arthritis.
This helps us learn more about the health and lifestyle of creatures many years ago, and how they may have lived and died. It's like being a detective, but instead of looking for clues to solve a mystery, we're looking at bones to figure out what happened in the past.