ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Philosophical problems of testimony

Have you ever played the game “Telephone” with your friends? Where one person whispers a message to the next person and so on, until it reaches the last person and the message is usually completely different from the original message? Well, that’s kind of like what the philosophical problem of testimony is all about!

The problem of testimony is about how we can know whether or not something someone else tells us is true. Just like in the game of “Telephone,” the information might change or be misinterpreted as it is passed from one person to the next. And just like in the game of “Telephone,” we might not always know whether or not the information we are being given is accurate.

This can be a problem because we rely on other people to tell us things all the time. For example, we might learn about history from our teachers, or about science from our parents, or about what to do in a new situation from a friend. But if we’re not sure if the information is true, then we can’t always trust it.

Philosophers have been trying to figure out how to solve this problem for a long time! Some have suggested that we should only believe what we can experience or prove for ourselves, rather than relying on what others tell us. Others have suggested that we should only believe people who have a lot of expertise or knowledge on a certain subject.

So, basically, the philosophical problem of testimony is all about making sure we can trust the information we are given by others. And just like in the game of “Telephone,” it can be tricky to know when to believe what we hear!