Imagine drawing a line on a piece of paper. Now imagine if that line had lots of corners, like a zigzag or a staircase. That's called a polygonal curve! It's just a fancy way of saying that the line is made up of straight line segments that are connected at certain points (the corners).
Picture a street map with lots of blocks and turns. If you follow the path of the street with your finger, you can imagine it as a polygonal curve.
So, in short, a polygonal curve is just a line with lots of corners!