Proportional set size means that things get bigger or smaller depending on how many there are. Imagine you have a bunch of toy cars, and you want to put them in a toy box. If you have lots of cars, you need a bigger box, and if you only have a few cars, a smaller box will do. This is because the size of the box needs to match the amount of cars you have.
The same idea applies when you have pictures on a website. When you have a lot of pictures, the website might need to be bigger so that all the pictures can fit. But if you only have a few pictures, the website can be smaller because there isn't as much to show. The size of the website needs to match the amount of pictures you have.
Overall, proportional set size is a way of making sure that things are the right size for how many of them there are. It helps everything fit together and look good!