Railway electrification is a fancy way of saying that trains can run on electricity instead of fuel like gasoline or diesel.
Just like how we plug in our phones or computers to charge, trains can be plugged into something called an overhead wire which carries electricity from power plants to the trains.
This electricity is used to power the motors on the train, which make the wheels turn and move the train along the tracks.
By using electricity instead of fuel, trains can be more efficient and produce less pollution. Plus, the tracks don't need to be dug up and replaced as often to fix wear and tear caused by fuel-powered trains.
So, railway electrification is all about using electricity to power trains and making them better for the environment and more efficient overall.