The randomized Hough transform is a way of looking for shapes in pictures. Imagine you have a picture with some squiggly lines in it, and you want to know if there's a circle hiding in there somewhere. The randomized Hough transform is like a game of connect-the-dots, but instead of you connecting the dots one by one, a computer does it really fast.
First, the computer picks some random points in the picture and draws a circle around each point. Then it looks at where those circles intersect with the squiggly lines in the picture. Every time a circle and a line intersect, the computer marks that spot on a graph.
When the computer is done looking at all the circles and lines, it looks at the spots on the graph to see if there are any groups of marks that look like they might be forming a circle. If there are, the computer knows that there probably is a circle hiding in the picture.
The randomized Hough transform is really helpful for finding all kinds of shapes in pictures, like lines, curves, and even shapes that aren't clearly defined. It's like having a very clever friend who can see things that you might not notice at first glance.