ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Relaxor ferroelectric

Okay kiddo, let me explain what's a relaxor ferroelectric. You know how some things like magnets can stick to each other? That's because they have something called ferromagnetism. But what we're talking about is not about magnets, it's about something called ferroelectricity.

Ferroelectric materials are special because they have an electric field that can change their shape. It's like if you could make a piece of foam change its shape just by touching it with a magic wand. Now, imagine if you had a lot of these pieces of foam but you wanted to make them all change shape at the same time with just one touch of the wand. That's where relaxor ferroelectric materials come in.

Relaxor ferroelectric materials are like those pieces of foam, but they are different from normal ferroelectrics because they change shape when they are exposed to an electric field, but not in a predictable way. It's like if your friend tickles you and you laugh, but sometimes you laugh a lot and sometimes you giggle just a little bit. Relaxor ferroelectrics are like that, they react to the electric field in a way that is a bit random and not easy to predict.

Even though relaxor ferroelectrics are a bit unpredictable, they are very useful in things like ultrasound imaging machines, sonar, and sensors because they can give different responses depending on the conditions they are in. Scientists are still studying them to understand how they work and how to use them better.