ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Specialty drugs (United States)

Specialty drugs are very expensive medications that treat complex and rare diseases. They are very different from regular medications that most people use like Tylenol or antibiotics. Think of it like this: Do you remember a time when you had an infection and the doctor gave you medicine to help you feel better? That medicine wasn't really special, it's a common medicine that is used for lots of different people.

But if we talked about someone who was sick with a rare illness, their medicine might be different, expensive and very strong. This is what specialty drugs are. Specialty drugs are often given to people who have illnesses like cancer, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis or very rare genetic diseases.

Sometimes, regular medications can't help people with these diseases, which is why specialty drugs are so important. But because they are so special and rare, they can be much more expensive than other medications. In fact, they can cost thousands of dollars per dose, which is a lot of money!

This is why some people have a hard time getting access to specialty medications. In the United States, insurance companies, government plans like Medicare and Medicaid, and drug manufacturers all have a role in making sure patients can get access to these very important drugs.

So, think of specialty drugs as super special and expensive medications that help people with very rare and complex illnesses. They can be hard for some people to get, but many different groups work together to make sure patients can access them if they need them.