Taxation in premodern China was like when you play with your toys and your mom tells you that you have to give her some of your toys to help the family. In China, the people had to give some of their money and crops to the government to help it do important things like take care of the army and build big buildings.
The government would send people called tax collectors to go around to different villages and towns to collect the taxes. The taxes were usually paid in the form of crops like rice and wheat. Sometimes the people could also pay the taxes with money or other goods like silk.
The amount of taxes that the people had to pay depended on how much land they owned or what their job was. For example, if someone owned a lot of land or had a very important job like a government official, they would have to pay more taxes than someone who owned less land or had a less important job.
The government used the taxes to do things like build canals to help with transportation and irrigation for crops, construct big palaces for the emperor and his family, and support the army to defend the country from enemies.
However, sometimes the taxes were too high and people had a hard time paying them. This could lead to protests and even rebellions against the government. In some cases, the government would adjust the taxes to make them fairer for everyone.
In summary, premodern China had a system where people had to give some of their money and goods to the government as taxes. This helped the government do important things like build infrastructure and support the military, but sometimes the taxes were too high and caused problems.