ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Toroidal inductors and transformers

Toroidal inductors and transformers are really good at keeping magnetic fields inside a round shape. They are like doughnuts made out of metal wire that is wrapped around the round shape. The wire is really long, so it goes around the round shape many times.

When electricity goes through the wire, it creates a magnetic field that goes around the round shape like a circle. This magnetic field can be used to make electrical things work, like making a light turn on or sending signals through wires.

Inductors and transformers work a bit like an electrical traffic cop - they control how electricity flows in a circuit. They can help stop too much electricity from getting through, or they can change the voltage of the electricity.

So imagine you want to make a toy car go faster. You can use a transformer to change the voltage going to the toy car's motor, so it gets more electricity and goes faster. Or if you're using a circuit that has too much electricity flowing through it and you're worried it will break, you can use an inductor to slow the electricity down so it stays at a safe level.

Overall, toroidal inductors and transformers help make electricity more efficient and safer. And they look like metal doughnuts!