A trading statement is a document that shows how much money a company made,spent and what it had left over. It's kind of like a report card for how well the company did during a certain period of time, like a month or a year.
Imagine you run a lemonade stand. Your trading statement would show how much money you made by selling lemonade, how much you spent on buying supplies like lemons and cups, and how much money you had left over at the end of the day.
The same goes for bigger companies. They have people who keep track of all the money coming in and going out. They then put all that information into a trading statement so everyone can see what happened during that time.
People who invest in these companies really like to see these trading statements. It shows them how well the company is doing and if they should keep investing or not. It's a bit like looking at your report card to see how well you did in school.