Transverse aeolian ridges

Transverse aeolian ridges, also known as TARs, are like sand dunes that are formed by wind blowing sand across the ground. Imagine you are playing with sand on a beach and decide to blow on it - some of the sand will move and create small ridges. The same thing happens in places where there is a lot of sand and strong wind.

But, the difference is that TARs have a specific pattern of ridges that run across the direction of the wind. They are very common on Mars, where the wind is really strong and there is a lot of sand in certain areas.

The wind moves the sand grains by bouncing them along the ground. As the grains bounce, they collect in small piles or "hummocks". Over time, the hummocks grow and connect to form ridges that can be several meters high and tens of meters wide.

Because of the way they are formed, the ridges of TARs are usually perpendicular (or transverse) to the direction of the wind. This is different from regular sand dunes, which typically form in the same direction that the wind is blowing.

Scientists study TARs to better understand the movement of sand on Mars and how winds shape the surface of the planet. It's a fascinating topic and there is still much to learn!