Wave models are used to help scientists understand the movements of the Earth's oceans and atmosphere. A wave model is like a miniature version of the Earth, with hills, valleys, mountains, and valleys all represented by different numbers. Scientists can then use these numbers to calculate how the oceans and atmosphere will move around the Earth, such as showing how waves and currents will move in the ocean, or how storms will form in the atmosphere. Wave models also help scientists understand how global climate systems, like El Nino, work and how it affects things like ocean temperatures.