ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

ATS theorem

Imagine you and your friends love to play basketball. One day, you decide to start a tournament to see who is the best player. The problem is, not everyone can play against each other at the same time, so you come up with a plan. You split the players into two groups and each group plays games against each other. The winners of each game move on to the next round until there is only one winner left.

This is kind of like how the ATS theorem works in math. It helps us figure out the probability of multiple events happening at the same time. For example, let's say you're flipping two coins. How likely is it that you will get heads on both coins?

Using the ATS theorem, we can figure this out. First, we need to know the probability of getting heads on one coin. There are two possible outcomes – heads or tails – so the probability of getting heads is 1/2, or 50%.

Now we need to figure out the probability of getting heads on both coins. Since we're dealing with two independent events, we can multiply the probabilities. So, the probability of getting heads on both coins is:

1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4, or 25%.

This is how the ATS theorem helps us figure out the probability of multiple events happening at the same time. It's like breaking down a big problem into smaller, more manageable pieces.