Have you ever played with a toy that has a timer or a switch that makes it activate after a certain amount of time or when it hits something? Well, an artillery fuze is kind of like that, but it's used for big guns that shoot things really far away.
The fuze is a small device that goes into the end of a shell, which is the big metal thing that gets shot out of the gun. When the shell is fired, the fuze starts working to help it explode at just the right time.
There are different kinds of fuzes, but let's talk about one called a time fuze. This kind of fuze has a little timer inside that starts counting down when the shell is fired. When the timer runs out, it sends a signal to the explosives inside the shell to make it explode.
But what if the shell doesn't hit anything before the timer runs out? That's where something called an impact fuze comes in. This kind of fuze also goes in the end of the shell, but it has a different mechanism that makes it explode when the shell hits something.
So, basically, an artillery fuze is a little device that helps a big gun shoot things far away. It helps the shell explode at just the right time, whether that's after a certain amount of time or when it hits something.