A beta particle is like a tiny little ball that sometimes comes out of things that are really small, like atoms. When that happens, the atom changes a little bit.
The beta particle is actually made up of something called electrons, which are like little things that orbit around the center of an atom. But sometimes an atom has too many electrons, or not enough, and that can make it want to get rid of or gain an electron. When it does that, it shoots out a beta particle.
The beta particle is really small and it can go through things like paper or even your skin without hurting you. BUT if you touched a big pile of beta particles, it could make you really sick, like getting a bad sunburn all over your body.
Scientists study beta particles to learn more about how atoms work and how things change over time. It's all really cool and interesting, but definitely something that needs to be handled safely!