A bottle garden is like a little world inside a bottle! You know how plants need soil, water, and light to grow? Well, a bottle garden is made in a way that the plants inside can get all the things they need to survive without any outside help.
Here's how it works:
First, someone takes an empty glass bottle and cleans it very well. Then, they choose some small plants like ferns, mosses, or succulents and put them in the bottle with a little bit of soil.
Next, they add some activated charcoal (which is like black rocks or pieces of wood that have been specially treated to clean the air) to help keep the air fresh inside the bottle.
Finally, they close the bottle with a cork, a cap, or a stopper (something that will keep the air inside the bottle).
Now, the plants and the soil inside the bottle have everything they need to survive - soil for nutrients, water in the soil, and air that gets filtered by the activated charcoal. And because the bottle is sealed, it creates its own little ecosystem where the plants can live and grow without any outside help!
It's like a tiny, magical garden that you can keep on your desk or shelf to enjoy. Plus, if you take care of it properly (by keeping it out of direct sunlight and giving it a little bit of water when the soil is dry), the bottle garden can last for a long time!