ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Capability-based security

Capability-based security is like a way of making sure only the people you want can access something. It works by giving people special keys called "capabilities" that let them see or use something. So if you want to make sure only certain people can see a special folder on your computer, instead of giving them a password, you could give them a "capability" so they can access the folder.